Abstract
The 2022 study by Chirosa-Ríos et al. evaluates the 'Two-Step Test' (TST), a novel method for measuring displacement velocity in handball players. Using a Functional Electromechanical Dynamometer (FEMD) to provide controlled resistance, the researchers found the test to be highly reliable, particularly when measuring peak velocity under moderate loads.
The TST allows coaches to precisely measure a player's first-step and two-step explosiveness, which are critical for effective defensive positioning. It provides a functional metric that aligns with actual game-play movements where defenders must quickly close gaps.