Abstract
The 2020 study by Martinez-Garcia et al. evaluated the reliability of standing isokinetic shoulder rotator strength tests using an FEMD at slow (0.3 m/s) and fast (0.6 m/s) velocities. The results showed high to excellent reliability (ICC 0.81–0.98) for both internal and external rotation in concentric and eccentric modes, with the faster velocity being more efficient for clinical use.
Standing assessments offer a more functional alternative to seated shoulder tests. This study validates that FEMD provides consistent, reproducible data for shoulder profiling, which is essential for athletes in overhead sports and clinical rehabilitation.