Abstract
This 2024 study evaluates the reliability of a functional electromechanical dynamometer (FEMD) for measuring shoulder strength in four movements: flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. Testing 43 active men, the researchers found extremely high relative reliability (ICC 0.76–0.94) for both concentric and eccentric muscle actions, identifying mean concentric force as the most consistent metric.
The FEMD offers a cost-effective and user-friendly alternative to gold-standard dynamometers for evaluating shoulder strength in asymptomatic adults. It consistently measures flexion, extension, horizontal abduction, and adduction with high precision.